MandelBruce
Release Time:
2月 22, 2024, 3:41 下午
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(English: Titanium) is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Ti, atomic number 22, and atomic weight 47.867 u. Titanium is a silver-white transition metal characterized by light weight, high strength, metallic luster, and good corrosion resistance (including seawater, aqua regia and chlorine). Due to its stable chemical properties, good resistance to high temperatures, low temperatures, strong acid resistance, and strong alkali resistance, as well as high strength and low density, it is often used to make rockets and spacecrafts, so it is known as "space metal". Titanium was discovered in 1791 by Gregor in Cornwall, England, and named by Klapprot after the Titan of Greek mythology.
Titanium is considered a rare metal due to its dispersed presence in nature and difficulty in extracting it. But its relative abundance ranks tenth among all elements. Titanium ores mainly include ilmenite and rutile, which are widely distributed in the earth's crust and lithosphere. Titanium also exists in almost all organisms, rocks, water and soil. The extraction of titanium from the main ore requires the use of the Kroll method or the Hunter method. The most common compound of titanium is titanium dioxide, which is used to make white pigments. Other compounds include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4, used as a catalyst and used to create smoke screens or aerial writing) and titanium trichloride (TiCl3, used to catalyze the production of polypropylene).
Titanium can be alloyed with other elements such as iron, aluminum, vanadium or molybdenum to create high-strength light alloys, which are widely used in various aspects, including aerospace (jet engines, missiles and spacecraft), military, and industrial processes (Chemical and petroleum products, seawater desalination and paper making), automobiles, agricultural products and foods, medicine (prosthetics, orthopedic transplants and dental instruments and fillings), sporting goods, jewelry and mobile phones, etc.
Two of titanium's most useful properties are corrosion resistance and the highest strength-to-weight ratio among metals. In its unalloyed state, titanium is as strong as some steels, but is 45% lighter. There are two allotropes and five natural isotopes, ranging from 46Ti to 50Ti, of which the most abundant is 48Ti (73.8%) . The chemical and physical properties of titanium are similar to zirconium because they have the same number of valence electrons and belong to the same group in the periodic table of elements.