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A Diesel Engine is an internal combustion engine that operates using a principle called 'diesel cycle'.
Here are the basic steps of how it works:
1. Intake: During the intake phase, the piston moves down the cylinder, creating a vacuum that sucks in air. Unlike petrol engines, a diesel engine does not mix fuel and air in advance.
2. Compression: The air that gets into the engine is then compressed by the upward stroke of the piston. There’s no fuel in this air so there’s no risk of premature ignition. The air is compressed to a very small fraction of its original volume, which makes it extremely hot.
3. Combustion: At the point of maximum compression, fuel is directly injected into the cylinder by the fuel injector and combusts due to the high temperature of the air. The exhaust valve is closed during this stage and the piston is forced downwards by the expanding hot gases.
4. Exhaust: After the fuel burns, cleaning out the combustion chamber is necessary. The piston moves up, pushing out the exhaust gases out of the chamber through the exhaust valve. The exhaust valve stays open while the intake valve stays closed during this stage.
This cycle is continuously repeated and helps in generating the power needed to operate the vehicle.
Diesel engines are more efficient than petrol engines because the higher compression ratio leads to a more effective combustion of the fuel, providing more power from a given amount of fuel. It is also to be noted that diesel fuel has a higher energy-density than petrol, meaning more energy can be extracted from diesel as compared with the same volume of petrol.
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