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Titanium was discovered in 1791 by English clergyman and amateur geologist, Reverend William Gregor while he was studying minerals in Cornwall in southwestern England. He found black magnetic sand that looked like gunpowder and analysed it, discovering it was made up of a mix of magnetite, a common iron ore, with a mineral that yielded an unknown metal.
Gregor initially believed the unknown substance contained a new metal, and he named it "menachanite" after his parish of Menaccan.
Later in 1795, German scientist Martin Heinrich Klaproth independently discovered this element in a mineral called rutile. Klaproth named it titanium after the Titans, the sons of the Earth in Greek mythology.
Eventually, it was accepted that Gregor and Klaproth had discovered the same element, with Gregor being recognized as the primary discoverer because his work was published first. But the name Klaproth gave it - titanium - is the one that stuck.
It wasn't until 1910 that American chemist Matthew Hunter successfully produced pure titanium metal, but it took many more years to find effective ways to refine and use it.
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