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In titanium dioxide (TiO2), the titanium atom has a charge state of +4. This is because titanium, a transition metal, naturally forms a +4 ion by losing its four outermost electrons, and oxygen, being a group 6 element, naturally forms a -2 ion. Therefore, in titanium dioxide, each oxygen atom gains two electrons from the titanium atom, resulting in titanium dioxide having a neutral overall charge.
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