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A "water engine" refers to an engine that uses water as its primary source of power. However, it's vital to note that no practical "water engine" exists today that exclusively runs on water. Due to the laws of thermodynamics, water doesn't contain enough power to function as a fuel source on its own.
Most often, when people refer to a "water engine", they mean a type of engine that uses a water-fuel source such as Hydrogen or Steam.
1. Hydrogen fuel-cell engines: Use water in the generation of Hydrogen. Water (H2O) is split into its elemental components (Hydrogen and Oxygen) to obtain needed Hydrogen. This process requires significant external energy. After splitting, Hydrogen is then used in fuel-cell to produce electricity, which then powers the vehicle.
2. Steam engines: Use water as working fluid by converting it into steam. The high-pressure steam then drives pistons or turbines, which convert the energy into kinetic or mechanical energy.
3. Water-injection engines: Use water to cool down an internal combustion engine and improve its energy efficiency.
4. Water-powered generators or water wheels: These utilize the kinetic energy of water flow (like a river or stream) to turn a piston or turbine, which powers a generator to create electricity.
5. Electrolysis-based engines: These split water into Hydrogen and Oxygen, similarly to Hydrogen fuel-cell engines, but then burn the Hydrogen in an internal combustion engine. However, this system isn't energy-efficient as the energy required for electrolysis generally exceeds the energy gain from burning the Hydrogen.
All of these engines use water in their operation, but none of them use water as the sole energy source. Energy has to be invested in some form for water to be used in power generation.