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Titanium dioxide is widely used in pharmaceuticals due to its opacifying and whitening properties. It functions in various ways:
1. Pigment: It is primarily used as a white pigment in pills and tablets to create an appealing look.
2. Coating: It is often used in coating medicines to protect the active ingredient from light which may degrade the medication and reduce its effectiveness.
3. UV Filter: Titanium dioxide is also used in medications because of its ability to block ultraviolet (UV) light. This feature is important in preventing UV-induced degradation of drugs.
4. Photocatalyst: It can be used in antimicrobial coatings and in photodynamic therapy due to its photocatalytic properties.
5. Carrier: In some drug delivery systems, titanium dioxide is used as a carrier because of its biocompatibility and non-toxic nature. It helps to control the release of drug and increase its bioavailability.
Despite its many uses, the use of titanium dioxide in pharmaceuticals has been a subject of debate due to potential health concerns. However, it is currently allowed in pharmaceuticals in many countries, including the United States and the European Union, but subject to certain limits.
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