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Yes, water in gasoline can indeed cause the check engine light (CEL) to illuminate. Water in the fuel system disrupts the engine's capacity to burn fuel efficiently, leading to poor combustion. This situation often triggers sensors monitoring engine performance, such as the oxygen sensors or the fuel trim, to detect abnormal conditions, thus causing the CEL to light up. Modern vehicles' sophisticated onboard diagnostics (OBD) systems are designed to detect such irregularities to prevent damage. While small amounts of water might only cause temporary issues, significant contamination can lead to more severe problems, including engine misfires or component damage. To prevent this, it's crucial to obtain fuel from reputable stations and consider using fuel additives designed to absorb moisture. If the CEL lights up and water in the fuel is suspected, it's advisable to consult with a professional mechanic to address the issue promptly.