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Kaolin(Non-metallic minerals)

Kaolin, theoretical chemical formula: Al 2 [(OH) 4 /Si 2 O 5 ] , It is a non-metallic mineral , a kind of clay and clay rock mainly composed of kaolinite clay minerals . Because it is white and delicate, it is also called dolomitic soil . It is named after Gaoling Village , Jingdezhen , Jiangxi Province. Its pure kaolin is white, delicate, soft and earthy, and has good physical and chemical properties such as plasticity and fire resistance. Its mineral composition is mainly composed of kaolinite , halloysite , hydromica , illite, montmorillonite , quartz, feldspar and other minerals. Kaolin is widely used, mainly used in papermaking, ceramics and refractory materials . Secondly, it is used in coatings, rubber fillers, enamel glazes and white cement raw materials. In small quantities, it is used in plastics, paints, pigments, grinding wheels, pencils, daily cosmetics, soaps, etc. Pesticides, medicines, textiles, petroleum, chemicals, building materials, national defense and other indust...

78

2月 5, 2024

Ethylene glycol

This entry was edited and reviewed by the School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , and certified by Popular Science China·Science Encyclopedia. Ethylene glycol is also known as glycol and 1,2-ethylene glycol, referred to as EG. The chemical formula is (CH 2 OH) 2 and it is the simplest glycol . Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, sweet liquid with low toxicity to animals. Ethylene glycol is miscible with water and acetone , but its solubility in ethers is small. Used as solvent, antifreeze and raw material for synthetic polyester. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), a polymer of ethylene glycol , is a phase transfer catalyst and is also used in cell fusion ; its nitrate ester is an explosive. physical properties Appearance: Colorless transparent viscous liquid Melting point: -13 °C (lit.) Molecular weight: 66.092 Boiling point: 195-198 °C Glass transition temperature: -120 °C Vapor pressure: 0.08 mmHg ...

71

1月 28, 2024

Offset printing press(Lithographic printing press)

An offset printing press is a type of lithographic printing press . During printing, the printed images and text are first printed from the printing plate onto the rubber cylinder, and then transferred to the paper by the rubber cylinder. Offset printing machines can be divided into sheet-fed offset printing machines and web-fed offset printing machines according to different paper feeding methods; according to the number of printing colors completed in one paper pass, they can be divided into single-color, two-color, four-color and multi-color printing machines; according to the printing substrate The maximum paper format can be divided into small offset printing presses , six-open, four-open, half-open and full-sheet printing presses. In addition, there are double-sided printing presses that can complete two-sided printing at the same time in one paper pass. Sheet-fed offset printing press is a lithographic printing press , used for printing high-grade commercia...

75

2月 5, 2024

Cellulose is a macropolysaccharide composed of glucose . Insoluble in water and general organic solvents. It is the main component of plant cell walls . Cellulose is the most widely distributed and abundant polysaccharide in nature, accounting for more than 50% of the carbon content in the plant kingdom. The cellulose content of cotton is close to 100%, making it the purest natural source of cellulose. In general, cellulose accounts for 40-50% of wood, with 10-30% hemicellulose and 20-30% lignin . Cellulose is the main structural component of plant cell walls and is usually combined with hemicellulose, pectin and lignin. The way and extent of its combination has a great impact on the texture of plant-derived foods. The changes in texture of plants during maturity and post-ripening are caused by changes in pectin substances. Cellulase does not exist in the human digestive tract, and cellulose is an important dietary fiber. It is the most widely distributed and abundant polysaccha...

39

1月 25, 2024

Glucose(organic compounds)

Glucose, organic compound , molecular formula C 6 H 12 O 6. It is the most widely distributed and important monosaccharide in nature . It is a polyhydroxyaldehyde. Pure glucose is a colorless crystal, sweet but not as sweet as sucrose . It is easily soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol , and insoluble in ether . The optical rotation of natural glucose aqueous solution is to the right, so it belongs to ” dextrose “. Glucose plays an important role in the field of biology . It is the energy source and metabolic intermediate product of living cells , that is, the main energy supply substance of organisms. Plants produce glucose through photosynthesis . It is widely used in candy manufacturing and pharmaceutical fields. A brief history of research In 1747, the German chemist S. Marggraf was in Berlin Glucose was isolated for the first time and the process was published in “Chemical Experiments on the Extraction of Sucrose from Seve...

75

2月 5, 2024

Pigments(Colorant)

Pigments are substances that give colors to objects. Pigments are divided into soluble and insoluble, inorganic and organic. Inorganic pigments are generally mineral substances. Humans have long known the use of inorganic pigments, using colored earth and ores, to paint on rock walls and smear their bodies. Organic pigments are generally derived from plants and marine animals, such as mozambique, garcinia and purple extracted from shellfish in ancient Rome. Introduction Pigment is a powdery substance used for coloring. It is insoluble in water, grease, resin, organic solvents and other media, but can be evenly dispersed in these media and can color the media, and has a certain hiding power. The basic requirements for pigments used in art are that the finer the particles, the better, the brighter the color, the better, and the longer it lasts without discoloration, the better (the stability is better). Watercolor paints Watercolor paints, except white, are almost all transparent...

62

2月 5, 2024

Dyes (organic compounds)

Dyes refer to a class of organic compounds that can give other substances a bright and firm color. Since the pigments used today are all artificially synthesized, they are also called synthetic dyes. Dyes and pigments are generally compounds that have their own color and can make other substances obtain bright and firm colors in a molecular or dispersed state. Dye classification According to dye properties and application methods, dyes can be classified as follows. According to status Water-based color paste, oil-based color paste, water-based color, essential oil-based color essence According to use Ceramic Pigments Coating Pigments Textile Pigments Plastic Pigments According to source Natural dyes are divided into plant dyes, animal dyes, and synthetic dyes (also known as artificial dyes ) according to their usage. According to dye properties and application methods Direct dyes , insoluble azo dyes , reactive dyes, vat dyes, soluble vat dyes, sulfur dyes, sulfur vat dye...

71

1月 25, 2024

Carbon Dioxide(A Carbon-Oxygen Compound)

Carbon dioxide is a carbon-oxygen compound with the chemical formula CO2 and a chemical formula quantity of 44.0095. It is a colorless and odorless or colorless and odorless gas at normal temperature and pressure, and its aqueous solution has a slightly sour smell. It is also a common Greenhouse gases are also one of the components of air (accounting for 0.03%-0.04% of the total volume of the atmosphere). In terms of physical properties, carbon dioxide has a melting point of -56.6°C (527kPa), a boiling point of -78.5°C, is denser than air (under standard conditions), and is soluble in water. In terms of chemical properties, carbon dioxide is chemically inactive and has high thermal stability (only 1.8% decomposes at 2000°C). It cannot burn and usually does not support combustion. It is an acidic oxide and has the properties of an acidic oxide. Since it reacts with water to form carbonic acid, it is an anhydride of carbonic acid. Carbon dioxide can generally be prod...

51

2月 5, 2024

Titanium dioxide (amphophilic oxide)

Titanium dioxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula TiO2. It is a white solid or powdery amphoteric oxide with a molecular weight of 79.866. It is non-toxic, has the best opacity, best whiteness and brightness, and is considered to have the highest performance in the world today. The best white paint. Titanium white has strong adhesion, is not prone to chemical changes, and is always white. Widely used in coatings, plastics, papermaking, printing ink, chemical fiber, rubber, cosmetics and other industries. It has a high melting point and is also used to make refractory glass, glazes, enamels, pottery, high-temperature resistant experimental vessels, etc. Titanium dioxide can be extracted from rutile by acid decomposition or obtained by decomposing titanium tetrachloride. Titanium dioxide exists in three allotropic forms in nature: rutile, anatase and plate titanium. In addition, there are several artificially synthesized crystal forms. On October 27, 2017, the Wo...

94

1月 26, 2024

Titanium Dioxide Powder (inorganic chemical pigment)

Titanium dioxide is an important inorganic chemical pigment whose main component is titanium dioxide. There are two production processes for titanium dioxide: sulfuric acid method and chlorination method. It has important uses in industries such as coatings, inks, papermaking, plastics and rubber, chemical fibers, and ceramics. Main features physical properties 1. Relative density Among commonly used white pigments, titanium dioxide has the smallest relative density. Among white pigments of the same mass, titanium dioxide has the largest surface area and the highest pigment volume. 2. Melting point and boiling point Since the anatase form converts to the rutile form at high temperatures, the melting and boiling points of anatase titanium dioxide are virtually non-existent. Only rutile titanium dioxide has a melting point and a boiling point. The melting point of rutile titanium dioxide is 1850°C, the melting point in air is (1830±15)°C, and the meltin...

43

1月 25, 2024

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