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Titanium ore refers to minerals containing a large amount of titanium ore. The main ones utilized in China are ilmenite , rutile and titanium magnetite . Raw material characteristics Titanium is a typical lithophile element and often appears as an oxide mineral. There are more than 80 kinds of minerals containing more than 1% TiO2 in the earth’s crust, and 15 kinds have industrial value. The main ones used in China are ilmenite , rutile and titanium magnetite (Table 3.5.1). They are both primary (rock minerals) and secondary (weathered residual slope accumulation and sedimentary sand minerals ). Properties of titanium Because titanium metal is silvery white, it has a high melting point (1727°C), light specific gravity (4.5), high mechanical strength (5), low temperature resistance (resistivity is almost 0 at ultra-low temperatures), abrasion resistance, and good plasticity of titanium wire (can Thin-walled use), not easily oxidized, and highly reducib...

3

3月 10, 2024

Bonding agent is one of the most important auxiliary materials and is widely used in packaging operations. Adhesives are sticky substances that join two separate materials together by their viscosity . There are many types of adhesives. Introduction Adhesive is actually a general term for various stress materials that connect or fit the same or different materials. There are three main types: liquid, paste and solid. Classification There are many types of adhesives, which can usually be classified as follows: Material source points ①Natural adhesive It is derived from substances found in nature. Including starch , protein, dextrin , animal glue , shellac, hide glue, rosin and other biological adhesives; also includes mineral adhesives such as asphalt . ②Synthetic adhesive Mainly refers to artificially synthesized substances, including inorganic adhesives such as water glass, and organic adhesives such as synthetic resin and synth...

1

2月 21, 2024

waterproof material

Waterproof materials are used as building envelopes to prevent the penetration of rain, snow and groundwater; to prevent the erosion of moisture, steam and other harmful gases and liquids in the air; and to prevent the separation structure of water supply and drainage from seeping over. These materials that prevent penetration, leakage and erosion are collectively called. Prevent rainwater, groundwater, industrial and civil water supply and drainage, corrosive liquids, moisture and vapor in the air from intruding into building materials. The parts of buildings that require waterproofing treatment are mainly roofs, walls, floors and basements. Introduction to waterproof materials Classification There are many kinds of waterproof materials, which are divided into 4 categories according to their main raw materials: ① Asphalt waterproof materials. Asphalt linoleum, paper asphalt linoleum , solvent-based and water-emulsion asphalt or asphalt rubber coatin...

2

2月 21, 2024

Ink is an important material used for printing packaging materials. It expresses patterns and text on the substrate through printing. The ink includes main components and auxiliary components, which are evenly mixed and rolled repeatedly to form a viscous colloidal fluid. Ink whitening For whitening caused by moisture, the author advocates adjusting the solvent . When the surrounding humidity is high, use some alcohol solvents with low water absorption to replace ethanol. Of course, using air conditioning, refrigeration and dehumidification to improve the workshop environment is also a way, but the author does not advocate it. In terms of cost, it is really wasteful. Analysis of the causes of ink “whitening” phenomenon “Whitening” of the ink mainly means that the solvent contains moisture and the printed film loses its luster. In severe cases, the hue will also change. In fact, from the perspective of material supply, the probability of the solv...

0

2月 21, 2024

Calcined kaolin

Calcined kaolin is to sinter kaolin in a calcining furnace to a certain temperature and time, so that its physical and chemical properties will change to meet certain requirements. Introduction Kaolin is an inorganic non-metallic mixture. Compared with uncalcined kaolin, calcined kaolin has reduced bound water content, increased silica and aluminum trioxide content, increased active points, changes in structure, smaller and uniform particle size, and is filled with uncalcined kaolin. Compared with NR rubber, the vulcanization characteristic curves of low-temperature calcined kaolin-filled NR rubber are basically the same. The Sauer type A hardness remains unchanged and the tensile strength increases. The physical properties of both meet the requirements of the industry standard for non-transparent soles of sports shoes. Currently, it is widely used in ceramics, rubber, plastics, artificial leather, self-cement, refractory materials, chemicals and other in...

23

2月 20, 2024

crude(unprocessed oil)

It is customary to refer to unprocessed petroleum as crude oil. A viscous oily liquid that is dark brown with green fluorescence and has a special odor. It is a mixture of various liquid hydrocarbons such as alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and alkenes. The main components are carbon and hydrogen, accounting for 83-87% and 11-14% respectively; there are also small amounts of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and trace amounts of phosphorus, arsenic, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, nickel, iron, Elements such as vanadium. The specific gravity is 0.78~0.97, the molecular weight is 280~300, and the freezing point is -50~24℃. After crude oil is refined and processed, various fuel oils, solvent oils, lubricating oils, greases, paraffin, asphalt, liquefied gas, aromatics and other products can be obtained, providing fuel, raw materials and chemical products for various sectors of the national economy. On October 27, 2017, the World Health Organization’s International ...

8

2月 20, 2024

Thickener is a kind of food additive, mainly used to improve and increase the viscosity of food, maintain the color, aroma, taste and stability of liquid food and jelly food, improve the physical properties of food, and make food lubrication Tasty feeling. Thickener is a kind of food additive , mainly used to improve and increase the viscosity of food, maintain the color, aroma, taste and stability of liquid food and jelly food, improve the physical properties of food, and make food lubrication Tasty feeling. Thickeners can increase the viscosity of food or form gels, thereby changing the physical properties of food, giving food a sticky and suitable taste, and also have the functions of emulsifying, stabilizing or suspending. Thickeners are currently approved for use in China. There are 39 types of thickeners. Thickeners are all hydrophilic polymer compounds, also called hydrosols. According to their sources, they can be divided into two categories: natural and chemical syn...

77

2月 20, 2024

Compressor oil refers to a class of petroleum products. Used to lubricate the cylinder, valve and piston rod seals of the compressor. It requires high anti-oxidation stability and high flash point. Usually the flash point should be 40℃ higher than the maximum temperature of the compressor during compression. Its viscosity should be suitable for the type of compressor and operating conditions. Classification Under normal circumstances, compressor oil can be divided into two categories: mineral oil compressor oil and synthetic compressor oil according to the type of base oil; according to the structural type of the compressor, it can be divided into reciprocating air compressor oil and rotary air compressor oil. There are two types of air compressor oil; according to the properties of the compressed gas, they are divided into air compressor oil and gas compressor oil; according to the air compressor light, medium and heavy load compressor oil. China has adopted the...

4

2月 20, 2024

Introduction Pesticide adjuvants commonly used today. It enhances the spreading and adhesion of chemical liquid on plant surfaces. It is very important to effectively select a good wetting agent for designated crops and pesticides. The surface layer of plants is mostly composed of waxy cornea. These substances constitute low-energy surfaces, and most pesticides are often applied in aqueous solutions. Since the surface tension of water is higher than the critical surface tension of this low-energy surface, it is usually difficult for the medicinal solution to spread when it comes into direct contact with plants. In order to improve the wettability of this system, some liquid is often added to the medicinal solution. Surfactant is a wetting agent. The wetting effect can be measured by the maximum concentration of active agent required when spreading on the leaves of various plants. Its essence is to reduce the surface tension of the liquid. In this way, it ca...

10

2月 19, 2024

Dispersant is a surfactant that has two opposite properties: lipophilic and hydrophilic in the molecule. It can uniformly disperse the solid particles of inorganic and organic pigments that are difficult to dissolve in liquids. It can also prevent the settling and agglomeration of solid particles and form the necessary chemicals for stable suspensions. introduce Explanation in the reference book Agents that promote material particles to be evenly dispersed in the medium to form a stable suspension. Dispersants are generally divided into two categories: inorganic dispersants and organic dispersants. Commonly used inorganic dispersants include silicates (such as water glass) and alkali metal phosphates (such as sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, etc.). Organic dispersants include triethylhexyl phosphate, sodium lauryl sulfate, methylpentanol, cellulose derivatives, polyacrylamide, gur gum, fatty acid polyethylene glycol e...

18

2月 19, 2024

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